{"id":77142,"date":"2026-04-27T12:07:56","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:07:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/?p=77142"},"modified":"2026-04-27T12:07:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:07:57","slug":"module-d-manufacturer-sustainability-commitment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/en\/blog\/module-d-manufacturer-sustainability-commitment\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding Module D: challenges, limitations, and future perspectives"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-t-black-color\">Understanding Module D: challenges, limitations, and future perspectives<\/mark><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-impact-green-color\">Introduction<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You have likely already heard of <strong>Module D, the final step in a product&#8217;s Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).<\/strong><br>While it is firmly established in French regulations, it remains underutilized by building industry stakeholders on the ground. The reason is simple: <strong>opinions and interpretations vary so widely that a real dichotomy has emerged between its theoretical promises and its actual use.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At Nooco, we wanted to explore how this module reflects a supplier&#8217;s commitment beyond the lifespan of their products.<br>At first glance, Module D is designed to encourage sustainable and virtuous practices. However, through our interviews, it appears this goal is rarely met. <strong>Viewed as too opaque, Module D is often ignored<\/strong>. Other decarbonization levers exist and are more widely adopted, but their scope is limited to the product&#8217;s service life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-impact-green-color\">By definition, Module D reflects manufacturer commitment<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Module D is the fifth phase, or the final module, of a product&#8217;s LCA. Often referred to as &#8220;benefits and loads,&#8221; it accounts for the recovery of material and energy flows beyond the system boundaries, as well as the environmental impacts associated with these transformations. This module includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Avoided impacts through material <strong>recycling<\/strong> (e.g., reducing the need for raw material extraction), which are counted negatively.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoided impacts through <strong>energy recovery<\/strong> (e.g., incinerating product material instead of using other fuels), also counted negatively.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Impacts related to the <strong>production of recycled material <\/strong>that were not included in the manufacturing stage (Module A), in accordance with PCR PEP Ecopassport rules, which are counted positively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>From a regulatory standpoint, <strong>Module D is defined by the NF EN 15804+A2 standard<\/strong>. This standard mandates that benefits and loads must be reported in Environmental and Health Declaration Sheets (FDES) and Product Environmental Profiles (PEP). Simultaneously, the <strong>impact of Module D is fully considered within the framework of the RE2020 regulation<\/strong>. Since Module D is often negative, it allows for the recognition of a product&#8217;s &#8220;virtuosity&#8221; beyond its own system, thereby lowering the overall environmental footprint of a piece of equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It serves as a tool to highlight the environmental performance of one product over another and represents an additional step in the market&#8217;s transition toward a circular and sustainable economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On Nooco, you can visualize the impact of your products including Module D. The following screens display the impact of an anonymized wire cable tray available in the INIES database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>From the <strong>&#8216;Optimization&#8217;<\/strong> module within your project&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"647\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-15.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-15-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-15-768x485.png 768w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-15-80x51.png 80w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-15-253x160.png 253w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-15-380x240.png 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the <strong>Product Catalog<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-16.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-16-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-16-768x326.png 768w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-16-80x34.png 80w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-16-260x110.png 260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/nooco-demander-une-demo\/\">Book a demo HERE<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:58px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-impact-green-color\">A Definition that fails to translate into practice<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Theoretically, Module D appears to be a cornerstone of decarbonization. However, to better understand its real-world application, we interviewed several building industry players. Their response was unanimous, though nuanced: <strong>Module D is too abstract and poorly defined to be effectively utilized. Why is this?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lack of definition clarity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, not all Module D results are comparable. They may originate from different PCRs (Product Category Rules) or PSRs (Product Specific Rules). Consequently, <strong>they do not follow the same specifications<\/strong>. This means that even LCAs for the same type of equipment may not be comparable. B\u00e9atrice Pellegrin, CSR Procurement Engineer at VINCI \u00c9nergies, anticipates this: &#8220;I only compare products from the same PCR.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This observation proves to be particularly relevant when analyzing the graph below. This study is based on two EPDs (FDES) for electro-galvanized wire cable trays available in the INIES database. These two cable trays, originating from different PCRs, show extremely different impacts depending on whether or not Module D is included. <strong>The significant influence of benefits and loads on the overall product footprint makes this module essential<\/strong>. However, the lack of clarity in its definition and the resulting consequences maintain a sense of distrust within the sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>B\u00e9atrice therefore uses Module D for indicative purposes only, choosing to exclude it from the total environmental impact of the equipment she reviews. <strong>When comparing two pieces of equipment, she uses it only as a last resort<\/strong>: &#8216;If two products have a similar environmental impact, I look at Module D to help guide my decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"852\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-17.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-17-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-17-768x639.png 768w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-17-80x67.png 80w, https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-17-192x160.png 192w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Opaque Calculations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the virtuosity it represents, the limitations and the opacity of its calculation, which is based on hypotheses that are too difficult to verify, are often cited as <strong>barriers to using Module D<\/strong>: &#8216;I find Module D problematic in its interpretation,&#8217; B\u00e9atrice confirms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This calculation opacity paves the way for a lack of rigor and a distrust within the sector which, ultimately, prevents it from addressing the issue. &#8216;Opacity,&#8217; &#8216;too vague,&#8217; and &#8216;misunderstood&#8217; are all terms echoed by Ivan Bordas, R&amp;D Director at VIM, who is also responsible for drafting the PEPs for the brand&#8217;s equipment. Ivan confirms that among manufacturers, Module D is clearly not identified as a lever for optimizing the environmental impact of their products. &#8216;It\u2019s just a data point like any other,&#8217; he states. He thus demonstrates that <strong>manufacturers do not take action regarding the impacts of this final module.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And this misunderstanding extends throughout the building value chain, starting with fellow manufacturers and reaching the engineering firms that subsequently misinterpret the LCA data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disconnect from Manufacturer Priorities<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Damien Cuny, co-founder and CEO of Kompozite, Module D is a regulatory innovation disconnected from the practical realities of manufacturers. He describes it as &#8220;opaque, misunderstood, and far removed from [manufacturers&#8217;] priorities: <strong>selling their products.<\/strong>&#8220;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As you will have gathered: despite a promising definition, <strong>the opacity of Module D leads to misunderstanding and mistrust toward it.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevertheless, as illustrated by B\u00e9atrice Pellegrin, Module D can still fulfill its function as a decision-making tool, particularly when it serves to differentiate between equipment with similar environmental impacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, although imprecise and underutilized, Module D remains a mandatory module to complete on EPDs (FDES). So, how can it be better utilized?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite its unpopularity,<strong> it still contributes to encouraging more virtuous practices<\/strong>. For example, Ivan Bordas at VIM primarily focuses on using recyclable and recycled raw materials, such as the steel used in manufacturing equipment or the cardboard in their packaging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:52px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-impact-green-color\">Perspectives and Other Initiatives for Manufacturer Commitment<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Among all the people interviewed for our questions on Module D, one thing comes up frequently: it is a <strong>poorly defined, opaque, and discouraging module<\/strong> for industry stakeholders. Consequently, it is not utilized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To democratize its use, these exchanges reveal that it is paramount to provide a regulatory response to the misunderstanding surrounding Module D, but above all, it is <strong>essential to standardize databases so that all products are on a level playing field<\/strong>. According to B\u00e9atrice, the first step should be to unify all European databases and keep Module D for comparative purposes to encourage sustainable practices beyond the project&#8217;s physical perimeter. There would therefore <strong>be no reason to keep Module D as a mandatory module<\/strong>. This analysis questions the module&#8217;s relevance while highlighting its value as a decision-making tool, thereby encouraging more sustainable practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Module D to be fully adopted, the surrounding ambiguity must be addressed, as Ivan points out: &#8216;Module D calculations should be clarified with a few representative examples of real-life cases,&#8217; and there is also a need for &#8216;a popularization of the subject to enable better understanding and, ultimately, better use.&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indeed, a better understanding of benefits and loads is a prerequisite for its adoption. When asked about adapting his practices to achieve a high-performance Module D, Ivan replies: &#8216;yes, provided that Module D is better understood, better defined, and used correctly.&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Module D is in competition with practices that are already clearly identified, mastered, and whose effectiveness is known<\/strong>. Damien explains that the most pragmatic initiatives are the most adoptable ones: &#8216;Manufacturers have identified other more relevant decarbonization axes, notably energy performance and optimization (for both economic and ecological reasons) and eco-design.&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another practice, which was not mentioned during the interviews but is crucial for reducing project impacts, exists: r<strong>euse <\/strong>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/en\/blog\/reuse-in-technical-trades-a-lever-for-decarbonizing-the-construction-sector\/\">see Nooco article<\/a>). Still not widely democratized, <strong>reuse has become a must-have in decarbonization challenges thanks to its environmental impact being considered zero within the regulatory framework.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At Nooco, we encourage reuse (see publication: Reuse and standards in the building sector). As an example, we recently made cables from the Circable initiative available to Vinci Energies companies\u2014a company that reuses power cables. <strong>This new addition covers four cable ranges, which see their impact reduced to 0 kgCO2eq.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This initiative allows for the visualization of carbon gains achieved by implementing reuse, while contributing to its popularization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:71px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-impact-green-color\">Conclusion<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Module D reflects sustainable values that extend beyond the physical and temporal scope of a piece of equipment or material. <strong>It is mandatory to report it in EPDs (FDES), and its impacts are taken into account under RE2020 regulations<\/strong>. Although clearly defined by regulation, its use remains limited among building industry stakeholders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet, this module holds potential as a decision-making tool or as an indicator of equipment circularity. Based on this principle, <strong>it reflects a commitment from manufacturers wishing to optimize their products&#8217; impacts beyond their service life<\/strong>. However, the complexity of its calculation hinders its adoption, leading to a certain degree of confusion and, ultimately, distrust within the sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conversely, other decarbonization levers that are more concrete and better mastered\u2014such as eco-design, energy performance, or reuse\u2014are more readily adopted because they offer immediate and more tangible carbon gains.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding Module D: challenges, limitations, and future perspectives Introduction You have likely already heard of Module D, the final step in a product&#8217;s Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).While it is firmly established in French regulations, it remains underutilized by building industry stakeholders on the ground. The reason is simple: opinions and interpretations vary so widely that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":76813,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Understanding Module D: challenges, limitations, and future perspectives - Nooco<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Does Module D reflect a genuine sustainability commitment from manufacturers, or is it too vague to be effectively used in the building sector?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/en\/blog\/module-d-manufacturer-sustainability-commitment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Understanding Module D: challenges, limitations, and future perspectives - Nooco\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Does Module D reflect a genuine sustainability commitment from manufacturers, or is it too vague to be effectively used in the building sector?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/en\/blog\/module-d-manufacturer-sustainability-commitment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Nooco\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-04-27T10:07:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-27T10:07:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Your-paragraph-text-1-1024x1024.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Armand Berdugo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Armand Berdugo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/en\/blog\/module-d-manufacturer-sustainability-commitment\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nooco.com\/en\/blog\/module-d-manufacturer-sustainability-commitment\/\",\"name\":\"Understanding Module D: challenges, limitations, and future perspectives - 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